Sains Malaysiana 53(12)(2024): 3859-3870

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5312-02

Isolation and Antibacterial Screening of Marine Heterotrophic Bacteria from Makassar Strait, Indonesia

(Pengasingan dan Pemeriksaan Antibakteria Bakteria Heterotrofik Marin dari Selat Makassar, Indonesia)

CHARLIE ESTER DE FRETES^1,2,*, ROSMI NUSLAH PESILETTE¹, MARIO ROWAN SOHILAIT³, DORTHEA YANUBI⁴, FLORENSIA CLAUDYA THALIA RIRIHATUELA⁴ & DHIRA SATWIKA⁴

¹Research Center for Deep Sea, National Research and Innovation Agency, 97233 Ambon, Indonesia
²Center for Collaborative Research on Aquatic Ecosystem in Eastern Indonesia, 97233 Ambon, Indonesia
³Departement of Chemistry, Pattimura University, 97233 Ambon, Indonesia
⁴Departement of Biotechnology, Duta Wacana Christian University, 55224 Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Diserahkan: 18 April 2024/Diterima: 23 Oktober 2024

Abstract

The biological potential of microorganisms in Indonesian waters has yet to be widely reported despite their high diversity. This research aimed to isolate bacteria from seawater and seabed sediments in Makassar Strait and then screen their potential antibacterial abilities. Subsequently, we tried to determine the bioactive compound content of the bacterial extracts. We purified 15 bacterial isolates and based on a 16S rRNA analysis, we found that these bacteria represented three phyla, namely Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. All the isolates were found to have antibacterial capabilities, while 2 isolates showed positive results for inhibiting the growth of the pathogens tested. Molecular analysis studies provided information that the two isolates which were Bacillus sp., namely B. stratosphericus TR4 and B. thuringiensis TR13, were detected to have non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes, which are thought to contribute to their antibacterial potential. Compounds from the imidazole group, quinolone ester derivatives, steroid derivatives, and acetamide derivatives were found in the extracts of both strains. Further research needs to be conducted to better understand each compound’s antibacterial mechanisms and possible interesting bioactive properties.

Keywords: Antibacterial; LC-MS; marine bacteria; NRPS

Abstrak

Potensi biologi mikroorganisma di perairan Indonesia masih belum dilaporkan secara meluas walaupun mempunyai kepelbagaian yang tinggi. Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk memencilkan bakteria daripada air laut dan sedimen dasar laut di Selat Makassar seterusnya menyaring potensi antibakteria bakteria tersebut. Selepas itu, kami cuba menentukan kandungan sebatian bioaktif ekstrak bakteria. Kami telah memencilkan 15 pencilan bakteria dan berdasarkan analisis rRNA 16S, kami mendapati bahawa bakteria ini mewakili tiga filum, iaitu Actinobacteria, Firmicutes dan Proteobacteria. Kesemua pencilan didapati mempunyai keupayaan antibakteria, manakala 2 pencilan menunjukkan keputusan positif untuk menghalang pertumbuhan patogen yang diuji. Kajian analisis molekul memberikan maklumat bahawa 2 pencilan iaitu Bacillus sp., B. stratosphericus TR4 dan B. thuringiensis TR13 dikesan mempunyai gen bukan ribosomal peptida sintetase (NRPS) yang dianggap menyumbang kepada potensi antibakteria. Sebatian daripada kumpulan imidazol, sebatian ester kuinolon, sebatian steroid dan sebatian asetamida ditemui dalam ekstrak kedua-dua strain. Kajian lanjut perlu dijalankan untuk lebih memahami mekanisme antibakteria setiap sebatian dan kemungkinan sifat bioaktif yang menarik.

Kata kunci: Antibakteria; bakteria marin; LC-MS; NRPS

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: char002@brin.go.id